Journal directory listing - Volume 65 (2020) - Journal of Research in Education Sciences【65(2)】June (Special Issue: The Innovation and Enhancement of Teacher Professional Development in Taiwan)
Directory
Effect of Regret on Motivational Interference Among College Students: Regret Coping Strategy as a Mediator and Social Support as a Moderator
Author: Huey-Jiuan Chen (Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University), Wei-Ching Chien (Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University)
Vol.&No.：Vol. 65, No.2
Date：June 2020
Pages：277-312
DOI：10.6209/JORIES.202006_65(2).0010
Abstract：
The study explored the relationships among regret, regret coping strategy, perceived social support, and motivational interference during the elective courses; additionally, it examined the mediating and moderating effects of both regret coping strategy and social support on college students. The survey was conducted through purposeful sampling, and 516 college students studying in Taiwan’s public and private universities (241 male and 275 female students) were invited to respond to the questionnaires. The research instruments comprised a self-designed regret scale, motivational interference scale, regret coping strategy scale, and social support scale. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t tests, and regression analysis. The main findings were as follows: (1) A significant positive correlation was noted between regret and motivational interference. (2) The regret coping strategy of rumination fully negatively mediated the relationship between regret and motivational interference. (3) The present-focused reappraisal strategy did not mediate the effect of regret on motivational interference. (4) The future-focused reappraisal strategy negatively mediated the effect of regret on motivational interference. (5) Perceived overall social support did not moderate the effect of regret on motivational interference; however, higher the level of emotional support, stronger the positive correlation between regret and motivational interference.
Keywords：college students, social support, regret, regret coping strategy, motivational interference
《Full Text》
References：
- 王春展、潘婉瑜（2006）。大學生的生活壓力與其因應策略。嘉南學報（人文類），32，469-483。doi:10.29539/CNABH.200612.0012 【Wang, C.-C., & Pan, W.-Y. (2006). A survey of life stress and coping strategy of college students. Chia Nan Annual Bulletin: Humanity, 32, 469-483. doi:10.29539/CNABH.200612.0012】
- 江文慈（2004）。大學生的情緒調整歷程與發展特徵。教育心理學報，35（3），249-268。doi:10.6251/BEP.20030731 【Chiang, W.-T. (2004). The emotion regulation of college students: Processes and developmental characteristics. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 35(3), 249-268. doi:10.6251/BEP.20030731】
- 李文儀（2008，1月21日）。放水？惜才？大學退學率大降。自由時報。取自http://news.ltn. com.tw/news/life/paper/183801 【Li, W.-Y. (2008, January 21). Make concession? Cherish talented people? University dropout rate decrease drastically. Liberty Times Net. Retrieved from http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/183801】
- 李宜玫、孫頌賢（2010）。大學生選課自主性動機與學習投入之關係。教育科學研究期刊，55（1），155-182。doi:10.3966/2073753X2010035501006 【Lee, Y.-M., & Sun, S.-H. (2010). The relationship between autonomous motivation of course-taking and learning engagement on college students. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 55(1), 155-182. doi:10.3966/2073753X2010035501006】
- 李金治、陳政友（2004）。國立臺灣師範大學四年級學生生活壓力、因應方式、社會支持與其身心健康之相關研究。學校衛生，44，1-31。doi:10.30026/CJSH.200406.0001 【Lee, C.-C., & Chen, C.-Y. (2004). Pressure faced and coped by senior students of National Taiwan Normal University and related factors. Chinese Journal of School Health, 44, 1-31. doi:10.30026/CJSH.200406.0001】
» More
- 王春展、潘婉瑜（2006）。大學生的生活壓力與其因應策略。嘉南學報（人文類），32，469-483。doi:10.29539/CNABH.200612.0012 【Wang, C.-C., & Pan, W.-Y. (2006). A survey of life stress and coping strategy of college students. Chia Nan Annual Bulletin: Humanity, 32, 469-483. doi:10.29539/CNABH.200612.0012】
- 江文慈（2004）。大學生的情緒調整歷程與發展特徵。教育心理學報，35（3），249-268。doi:10.6251/BEP.20030731 【Chiang, W.-T. (2004). The emotion regulation of college students: Processes and developmental characteristics. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 35(3), 249-268. doi:10.6251/BEP.20030731】
- 李文儀（2008，1月21日）。放水？惜才？大學退學率大降。自由時報。取自http://news.ltn. com.tw/news/life/paper/183801 【Li, W.-Y. (2008, January 21). Make concession? Cherish talented people? University dropout rate decrease drastically. Liberty Times Net. Retrieved from http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/183801】
- 李宜玫、孫頌賢（2010）。大學生選課自主性動機與學習投入之關係。教育科學研究期刊，55（1），155-182。doi:10.3966/2073753X2010035501006 【Lee, Y.-M., & Sun, S.-H. (2010). The relationship between autonomous motivation of course-taking and learning engagement on college students. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 55(1), 155-182. doi:10.3966/2073753X2010035501006】
- 李金治、陳政友（2004）。國立臺灣師範大學四年級學生生活壓力、因應方式、社會支持與其身心健康之相關研究。學校衛生，44，1-31。doi:10.30026/CJSH.200406.0001 【Lee, C.-C., & Chen, C.-Y. (2004). Pressure faced and coped by senior students of National Taiwan Normal University and related factors. Chinese Journal of School Health, 44, 1-31. doi:10.30026/CJSH.200406.0001】
- 陳舜文、魏嘉瑩（2013）。大學生學習動機之「雙因素模式」：學業認同與角色認同之功能。中華心理學刊，55（1），41-55。doi:10.6129/CJP.20120717 【Chen, S.-W., & Wei, C.-Y. (2013). A two-factor model of learning motivation for Chinese undergraduates: On the function of academic identity and role identity. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 55(1), 41-55. doi:10.6129/CJP.20120717】
- 陳順宇、陳譽仁（2015）。結構方程模式：中介與干擾效果。臺北市：三民。 【Chen, S.-Y., & Chen, Y.-J. (2015). Structural equation modeling: The mediating and moderating effect. Taipei, Taiwan: San Min.】
- 黃玉（2006，5月）。從懵懂入門到多元探索：多元背景大學生大二的校園經驗與心裡社會、認知發展歷程之縱貫研究。論文發表於「高等教育與學生事務國際學術研討會」，臺北市。 【Huang, Y. (2006, May). From ignorance to multiple explorations: A longitudinal study on the campus experiences and the process of psychosocial and intellectual development of multicultural second-year college students. Paper presented at the International Conference on Higher Education and Student Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan.】
- 許丙泉、盧政（2010）。孔子儒家思想與人文主義。青島職業技術學院學報，23（1），69-72。 【Xu, B.-Q., & Lu, Z. (2010). The Confucianism and the humanism. Journal of Qingdao Technical College, 23(1), 69-72.】
- 教育部統計處（2020）。大專校院學生休、退學概況及就學穩定情形。教育統計簡訊。取自http://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/brief/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%88%E6%A0%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E4%BC%91%E3%80%81%E9%80%80%E5%AD%B8%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81%E5%8F%8A%E5%B0%B1%E5%AD%B8%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E6%83%85%E5%BD%A2.pdf 【Department of Statistics in Ministry of Education. (2020). Overview of suspension and withdrawal students in colleges and learning stability. Retrieved from http://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/brief/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%88%E6%A0%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E4%BC%91%E3%80%81%E9%80%80%E5%AD%B8%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81%E5%8F%8A%E5%B0%B1%E5%AD%B8%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E6%83%85%E5%BD%A2.pdf】
- 葉重新（1997）。壓力與身心健康。國教輔導，36（5），34-42。 【Yeh, C.-S. (1997). Pressure and health. Guidance of Elementary Education, 36(5), 34-42.】
- 鄭怡（2011）。後悔之因應型態及其正負向效應（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣大學，臺北市。doi:10.6342/NTU.2011.01353 【Cheng, Y. (2011). Effects of coping style in revisiting the experiences of regret (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. doi:10.6342/NTU.2011.01353】
- 鄭怡、林以正（2016）。後悔與生活適應：自我關愛及自我批評之雙路徑中介效果檢驗。教育心理學報，48（1），77-89。doi:10.6251/BEP.20150925 【Cheng, Y., & Lin, Y.-C. (2016). Regret and psychological adjustment: An examination of the dual-route mediating effect of self-compassion and self-judgment. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 48(1), 77-89. doi:10.6251/BEP.20150925】
- 謝君直（2010）。老莊哲學的自然觀對生命教育研究的意義。人文研究學報，44（2），25-46。doi:10.7029/JHSS.201010.0025 【Hsieh, C.-C. (2010). The signification of nature of Lao Zhuang’s philosophy to study of life education. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, 44(2), 25-46. doi:10.7029/JHSS.201010.0025】
- Arden, J. B. (2010). Rewire your brain: Think your way to a better life. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
- Bai, J. (2016). Perceived support as a predictor of acculturative stress among international students in the United States. Journal of International Students, 6(1), 93-106.
- Baker, J. C., Williams, J. K., Witvliet, C. V. O., & Hill, P. C. (2016). Positive reappraisals after an offense: Event-related potentials and emotional effects of benefit-finding and compassion. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(4), 373-384. doi:10.1080/17439760.2016.1209540
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
- Brassler, N. K., Grund, A., Hilckmann, K., & Fries, S. (2016). Impairments in learning due to motivational conflict: Situation really matters. Educational Psychology, 36(7), 1323-1336. doi:10.1080/01443410.2015.1113235
- Breugelmans, S. M., Zeelenberg, M., Gilovich, T., Huang, W.-H., & Shani, Y. (2014). Generality and cultural variation in the experience of regret. Emotion, 14(6), 1037-1048. doi:10.1037/a0038221
- Broomhall, A. G., Phillips, W. J., Hine, D. W., & Loi, N. M. (2017). Upward counterfactual thinking and depression: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 55, 56-73. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.010
- Bubic, A. (2014). Decision making characteristics and decision styles predict adolescents’ career choice satisfaction. Current Psychology, 33(4), 515-531. doi:10.1007/s12144-014-9226-5
- Bubic, A. (2017). The influence of considering the past, present, and future on college satisfaction. Time & Society, 26(2), 227-243. doi:10.1177/0961463X15577278
- Buchanan, J., Summerville, A., Lehmann, J., & Reb, J. (2016). The regret elements scale: Distinguishing the affective and cognitive components of regret. Judgment and Decision Making, 11(3), 275-286.
- Carmon, Z., & Ariely, D. (2000). Focusing on the forgone: How value can appear so different to buyers and sellers. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(3), 360-370. doi:10.1086/317590
- Chan, C.-C. (2019). Social support, career beliefs, and career self-efficacy in determination of Taiwanese college athletes’ career development. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, Article 100232. doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2019.100232
- Chen, P.-H., Teo, T., & Zhou, M. (2016). Relationships between digital nativity, value orientation, and motivational interference among college students. Learning and Individual Differences, 50, 49-55. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2016.06.017
- Chen, S.-W., Wang, H.-H., Wei, C.-F., Fwu, B.-J., & Hwang, K.-K. (2009). Taiwanese students’ self-attributions for two types of achievement goals. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149(2), 179-193. doi:10.3200/SOCP.149.2.179-194
- Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
- Demaray, M. K., Malecki, C. K., Davidson, L. M., Hodgson, K. K., & Rebus, P. J. (2005). The relationship between social support and student adjustment: A longitudinal analysis. Psychology in the Schools, 42(7), 691-706. doi:10.1002/pits.20120
- Epstude, K., & Roese, N. J. (2008). The functional theory of counterfactual thinking. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(2), 168-192. doi:10.1177/1088868308316091
- Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(2), 115-134. doi:10. 1037/0022-0167.51.1.115
- Fries, S., & Dietz, F. (2007). Learning in the face of temptation: The case of motivational interference. The Journal of Experimental Education, 76(1), 93-112. doi:10.3200/JEXE.76.1. 93-112
- Fries, S., Dietz, F., & Schmid, S. (2008). Motivational interference in learning: The impact of leisure alternatives on subsequent self-regulation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33(2), 119-133. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2007.10.001
- Fries, S., Schmid, S., Dietz, F., & Hofer, M. (2005). Conflicting values and their impact on learning. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 20(3), 259-273. doi:10.1007/BF03173556
- Gao, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Xu, Y., Hong, Y.-Y., & Jiang, J. (2014). Regret causes ego-depletion and finding benefits in the regrettable events alleviates ego-depletion. The Journal of General Psychology, 141(3), 169-206. doi:10.1080/00221309.2014.884053
- Gilovich, T., & Medvec, V. H. (1995). The experience of regret: What, when, and why. Psychological Review, 102(2), 379-395. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.102.2.379
- Giorgetta, C., Grecucci, A., Bonini, N., Coricelli, G., Demarchi, G., Braun, C., & Sanfey, A. G. (2013). Waves of regret: A meg study of emotion and decision-making. Neuropsychologia, 51(1), 38-51. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.015
- Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
- Grund, A., & Fries, S. (2012). Motivational interference in study-leisure conflicts: How opportunity cost affect the self-regulation of university students. Educational Psychology, 32(5), 589-612. doi:10.1080/01443410.2012.674005
- Grund, A., Brassler, N. K., & Fries, S. (2014). Torn between study and leisure: How motivational conflicts relate to students’ academic and social adaptation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(1), 242-257. doi:10.1037/a0034400
- Grund, A., Schmid, S., & Fries, S. (2015). Studying against your will: Motivational interference in action. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 41, 209-217. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.03.003
- Habib, M., Borst, G., Poirel, N., Houdé, O., Moutier, S., & Cassotti, M. (2013). Socio-emotional context and adolescents’ decision making: The experience of regret and relief after social comparison. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 25(1), 81-91. doi:10.1111/jora.12092
- Hofer, M., Schmid, S., Fries, S., Dietz, F., Clausen, M., & Reinders, H. (2007). Individual values, motivational conflicts, and learning for school. Learning and Instruction, 17(1), 17-28. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2006.11.003
- Inman, J. J. (2007). Regret regulation: Disentangling self-reproach from learning. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(1), 19-24. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1701_4
- Jamieson, J. P., Crum, A. J., Goyer, J. P., Marotta, M. E., & Akinola, M. (2018). Optimizing stress responses with reappraisal and mindset interventions: An integrated model. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 31(3), 245-261. doi:10.1080/10615806.2018.1442615
- Kazén, M., Kuhl, J., & Leicht, E.-M. (2015). When the going gets tough…: Self-motivation is associated with invigoration and fun. Psychological Research, 79(6), 1064-1076. doi:10.1007/s00426-014-0631-z
- Kilian, B., Hofer, M., Fries, S., & Kuhnle, C. (2010). The conflict between on-task and off-task actions in the classroom and its consequences for motivation and achievement. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 25(1), 67-85. doi:10.1007/s10212-009-0007-8
- Langeslag, S. J. E., & Surti, K. (2017). The effect of arousal on regulation of negative emotions cognitive reappraisal: An ERP study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 118, 18-26. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.05.012
- Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
- Liao, C., Lin, H.-N., Luo, M. M., & Chea, S. (2016). Factors influencing online shoppers’ repurchase intentions: The roles of satisfaction and regret. Information & Management, 54(5), 651-668. doi:10.1016/j.im.2016.12.005
- Lyubomirsky, S., Caldwell, N. D., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Effects of ruminative and distracting responses to depressed mood on the retrieval of autobiographical memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 166-177. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.166
- MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. (2007). Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 593-614. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542
- Marcatto, F., & Ferrante, D. (2008). The regret and disappointment scale: An instrument for assessing regret and disappointment in decision making. Judgment and Decision Making, 3(1), 87-99.
- Martin, M. (2018). Mindfulness and transformation in a college classroom. Adult Learning, 29(1), 5-10. doi:10.1177/1045159517744752
- Nasco, S. A., & Marsh, K. L. (1999). Gaining control through counterfactual thinking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(5), 557-569. doi:10.1177/0146167299025005002
- Nelson, N., Malkoc, S., & Shiv, B. (2010). Functional regret: The positive effects of regret on learning from negative experiences. In M. C. Campbell, J. Inman, & R. Pieters (Eds.), NA - Advances in consumer research (Vol.37, p. 263-266). Duluth, MN: Association for Consumer Research.
- Nils, F., & Rimé, B. (2012). Beyond the myth of venting: Social sharing modes determine the benefits of emotional disclosure. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(6), 672-681. doi:10.1002/ejsp.1880
- O’Connor, E., McCormack, T., & Feeney, A. (2012). The development of regret. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 111(1), 120-127. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2011.07.002
- Pasupathi, M., Wainryb, C., Mansfield, C. D., & Bourne, S. (2017). The feeling of the story: Narrating to regulate anger and sadness. Cognition and Emotion, 31(3), 444-461. doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1127214
- Rimé, B. (2009). Emotion elicits the social sharing of emotion: Theory and empirical review. Emotion Review, 1(1), 60-85. doi:10.1177/1754073908097189
- Roepke, A. M., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2015). Doors opening: A mechanism for growth after adversity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(2), 107-115. doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.913669
- Roese, N. J., Epstude, K., Fessel, F., Morrison, M., Smallman, R., Summerville, A., ...Segerstrom, S. (2009). Repetitive regret, depression, and anxiety: Findings from a nationally representative survey. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(6), 671-688. doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.6.671
- Schmid, S., Hofer, M., Dietz, F., Reinders, H., & Fries, S. (2005). Value orientations and action conflicts in students’ everyday life: An interview study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 20(3), 243-257. doi:10.1007/BF03173555
- Sharer, M., Cluver, L., Shields, J. J., & Ahearn, F. (2016). The power of siblings and caregivers: Under-explored types of social support among children affected by HIV and AIDS. AIDS Care, 28(2), 110-117. doi:10.1080/09540121.2016.1178942
- Sibley, E., Theodorakakis, M., Walsh, M. E., Foley, C., Petrie, J., & Raczek, A. (2017). The impact of comprehensive student support on teachers: Knowledge of the whole child, classroom practice, and teacher support. Teaching and Teacher Education, 65, 145-156. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2017.02.012
- Streep, P., & Bernstein, A. (2015). Mastering the art of quitting: Why it matters in life, love, and work. New York, NY: Da Capo Press.
- Tugade, M. M., Michelle, N., Kirby, L. D., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2016). Handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford.
- Van Dijk, E., & Zeelenberg, M. (2005). On the psychology of “if only”: Regret and the comparison between factual and counterfactual outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 152-160. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.04.001
- Van Duijvenvoorde, A. C. K., Huizenga, H. M., & Jansen, B. R. J. (2014). What is and what could have been: Experiencing regret and relief across childhood. Cognition and Emotion, 28(5), 926-935. doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.861800
- Vollet, J. W., Kindermann, T. A., & Skinner, E. A. (2017). In peer matters, teachers matter: Peer group influences on students’ engagement depend on teacher involvement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(5), 635-652. doi:10.1037/edu0000172
- Wang, D., Li, S., Hu, M., Dong, D., & Tao, S. (2017). Negative academic emotion and psychological well-being in Chinese rural-to-urban migrant adolescents: Examining the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1312. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01312
- Watkins, E., & Baracaia, S. (2002). Rumination and social problem-solving in depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(10), 1179-1189. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00098-5
- Wentzel, K. R., Russell, S., & Baker, S. (2016). Emotional support and expectations from parents, teachers, and peers predict adolescent competence at school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(2), 242-255. doi:10.1037/edu0000049
- Witvliet, C. V. O., Knoll, R. W., Hinman, N. G., & DeYoung, P. A. (2010). Compassion-focused reappraisal, benefit-focused reappraisal, and rumination after an interpersonal offense: Emotion-regulation implications for subjective emotion, linguistic responses, and physiology. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(3), 226-242. doi:10.1080/17439761003790997
- Yen, Y.-S. (2016). Perceived social support moderates the relationships between variables in the social cognition model. Behaviour & Information Technology, 35(6), 479-489. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2016.1155236
- Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2007). A theory of regret regulation 1.0. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(1), 3-18. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1701_3
- Zeelenberg, M., Van Dijk, W. W., Manstead, A. S. R., & Van der Pligt, J. (1998). The experience of regret and disappointment. Cognition and Emotion, 12(2), 221-230. doi:10.1080/026999398379727
- Zeelenberg, M., Van Dijk, W. W., Van der Pligt, J., Manstead, A. S. R., Van Empelen, P., & Reinderman, D. (1998). Emotional reactions to the outcomes of decisions: The role of counterfactual thought in the experience of regret and disappointment. Organizational Behavior and Human Processes, 75(2), 117-141. doi:10.1006/obhd.1998.2784