Journal directory listing - Volume 63 (2018) - Journal of Research in Education Sciences【63(3)】september
Directory
Career Resilience: Career Adversities and the Effects of Coping Strategies on Higher Education Students’ Career Path
Author: Shu-Chen Wu(College of Teacher Education, National Taiwan Normal University)
Vol.&No.：Vol. 63, No.3
Date：September 2018
Pages：197-230
DOI：10.6209/JORIES.201809_63(3).0007
Abstract：
By using the concept of positive psychology, this study explored career adversities and relationships of different coping strategies with chosen career paths in Higher Education students; it also investigated their cognitive capabilities for career resilience. This study adopted a content analysis approach to examine the professional tenacity of 229 students. Data analysis yielded the following results: (1) The career adversities could be divided into eight categories: health, learning, interpersonal relationships, love and family, self-identity, and life meaning. Among all categories, learning was the adversity that most students experienced. (2) Students reacted with negative reactions (e.g., negative feelings, cognitions, and behaviors) on encountering an adversity. (3) Coping strategies adopted by the students included the use of internal resources (e.g., personal attitude and belief) and external resources (e.g., seeking support from peers or parents). (4) The cognitive of participants regarding the key career resilience elements emphasized the internal resources of individuals. These elements specifically included optimism, emotional adaptability, and problem-solving abilities. (5) Regarding suggestions for developing career resilience, the students proposed ideas, such as learning from failure, developing problem-solving skills, knowing yourself, learning how to manage stress, role modeling, and seeking assistance. In summary, this provisional study revealed the potential concepts of career adversities and resilience in Higher Education students. Future research should focus on developing an instrument for measuring career resilience and constructing a career-resilience curriculum and testing its effectiveness.
Keywords：adversity, career resilience, coping strategy, higher education students
《Full Text》
References：
- 王秀槐（2014）。師生在生命困頓中相遇─師資培育生命教育課程的主題規劃與實踐行動研究。生命教育研究，6（2），63-97。 【Wang, H.-H. (2014). Teachers and students meet at the crossroads of life predicaments: Planning and implementation of a themed unit in a life education course in teacher education. Journal of Life Education, 6(2), 63-97. 】
- 王秀槐（2015）。從「以我為榮」到「證明自己」：華人文化脈絡下知覺不同父母期待之大學生的生涯因應組型初探研究。輔導與諮商學報，37（1），79-97。 【Wang, H.-H. (2015). From “taking pride in me” to “proving my own worth”: An exploratory study of the impact of college students’ perceived parental expectations on their patterns of career choices. The Archive of Guidance and Counseling, 37(1), 79-97.】
- 王秀槐、黃金俊（2010）。擇其所愛、愛其所擇：從自我決定理論看大學多元入學制度中學生的科系選擇與學習成果。教育科學研究期刊，55（2），1-27。 【Wang, H.-H., & Huang, C.-C. (2010). The application of self-determination theory on students’ career choice and learning outcomes under the multiple college admission system. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 55(2), 1-27. 】
- 行政院主計總處（2017）。104年青少年狀況調查統計結果。取自https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct. asp?xItem=39942&ctNode=5624 【Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics of Executive Yuan. (2017). The youth’s status survey of 2015. Retrieved from https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=39942&ctNode=5624】
- 何英奇（1988）。大專學生之責任感與自我統整：艾立克森青年自我統整理論之倫理分析。教育心理學報，21，77-98 【Ho, Y.-C. (1988). College students’ sense of responsibility and ego identity: An ethical analysis of Erikson’s ego identity of youth. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 21, 77-98.】
» More
- 王秀槐（2014）。師生在生命困頓中相遇─師資培育生命教育課程的主題規劃與實踐行動研究。生命教育研究，6（2），63-97。 【Wang, H.-H. (2014). Teachers and students meet at the crossroads of life predicaments: Planning and implementation of a themed unit in a life education course in teacher education. Journal of Life Education, 6(2), 63-97. 】
- 王秀槐（2015）。從「以我為榮」到「證明自己」：華人文化脈絡下知覺不同父母期待之大學生的生涯因應組型初探研究。輔導與諮商學報，37（1），79-97。 【Wang, H.-H. (2015). From “taking pride in me” to “proving my own worth”: An exploratory study of the impact of college students’ perceived parental expectations on their patterns of career choices. The Archive of Guidance and Counseling, 37(1), 79-97.】
- 王秀槐、黃金俊（2010）。擇其所愛、愛其所擇：從自我決定理論看大學多元入學制度中學生的科系選擇與學習成果。教育科學研究期刊，55（2），1-27。 【Wang, H.-H., & Huang, C.-C. (2010). The application of self-determination theory on students’ career choice and learning outcomes under the multiple college admission system. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 55(2), 1-27. 】
- 行政院主計總處（2017）。104年青少年狀況調查統計結果。取自https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct. asp?xItem=39942&ctNode=5624 【Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics of Executive Yuan. (2017). The youth’s status survey of 2015. Retrieved from https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=39942&ctNode=5624】
- 何英奇（1988）。大專學生之責任感與自我統整：艾立克森青年自我統整理論之倫理分析。教育心理學報，21，77-98 【Ho, Y.-C. (1988). College students’ sense of responsibility and ego identity: An ethical analysis of Erikson’s ego identity of youth. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 21, 77-98.】
- 何英奇（1990）。大學生自我認證與次文化近五年間的轉變：以師大教育院系學生為例。教育心理學報，23，119-142。 【Ho, Y.-C. (1990). Ego identity and subculture changes over a five-year period: A case of students from two teachers’ universities. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 23, 119-142.】
- 利翠珊、蕭英玲（2008）。華人婚姻品質的維繫：衝突與忍讓的中介效果。本土心理學研究，29，77-116。 【Li, T.-S., & Hsiao, Y.-L. A. (2008). Maintaining quality of marriage: The mediating effect of conflict and ren for Taiwanese married couples. Indigenous Psychology, 29, 77-116. 】
- 林幸台、田秀蘭、張小鳳、張德聰（2010）。生涯輔導。臺北市：心理。 【Lin, H.-T., Tien, H.-L. S., Zhang, X.-F., & Chang, T.-C. (2010). Career guidance. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological.】
- 金樹人（1987）。生計發展與輔導。臺北市：天馬。 【Jin, S.-R. (1987). Career development and guidance. Taipei, Taiwan: Tianma.】
- 洪瑞斌（2012）。失業經驗中的生涯韌性與韌力：對成年男性失業者之質性研究初探。中華輔導與諮商學報，34，143-173。 【Hung, J.-P. (2012). Career resilience and resiliency in the experience of unemployment: Inquire of a qualitative research. Chinese Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 34, 143-173. 】
- 袁幸萍（2011）。正向心理學應用於大學生生涯諮商。諮商與輔導，304，15-18。 【Yuan, X.-P. (2011). Positive psychology applied to college students career counseling. Counseling & Guidance, 304, 15-18. 】
- 崔樹芸（2007）。中高齡退休後生涯復原力。諮商與輔導，258，19-23。 【Tseng, C.-Y. (2007). Career resiliency of the retired elderly. Counseling & Guidance, 258, 19-23. 】
- 教育部統計處（2005）。大學生學習及生活意向調查報告。取自https://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/ ebook/others/大學生學習及生活意向調查報告.pdf 【Department of Statistics, Ministry of Education. (2005). Leaning and life-intention of college student. Retrived from https://stats. moe.gov.tw/files/ebook/others/大學生學習及生活意向調查報告.pdf】
- 陳書梅（2014）。愛情小說之情緒療癒效用研究─以遭遇感情困擾的大學生為例。圖書資訊學刊，12（2），39-79。【Sheih, C. S.-M. (2014). The emotional healing efficacy of romance fiction for undergraduates with love-related emotional disturbance problems: An exploratory research. Journal of Library and Information Studies, 12(2), 39-79. 】
- 陳麗如（2010）。生涯發展阻隔因素量表（第二版）。臺北市：心理。 【Shen, L.-J. (2010). Career development barrier factor scale (2nd ed.). Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological.】
- 曾文志（2004）。如何和孩子談復原力。師友月刊，448，60-65。 【Tseng, W.-C. (2004). How to talk about the resilience of the child. The Educator Monthly, 448, 60-65. 】
- 曾文志（2005）。長處、韌性、有復原力的自我─從個人層面談建構復原力的策略。師友月刊，461，39-46。 【Tseng, W.-C. (2005). Strengths, toughness, resilience of the self: Discussing strategies for building resilience from individual opinion. The Educator Monthly, 461, 39-46. 】
- 曾文志（2006）。復原力保護因子效果概化之統合分析。諮商輔導學報：高師輔導所刊，14，1-35。 【Tseng, W.-C. (2006). A meta-analysis of effect generalizations of protective factors of resilience. Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 14, 1-35. 】
- 曾文志（2008）。大學生的生活事件、人際長處與心理健康之復原力取向研究：中介與調節效果的探討。教育心理學報，40（2），221-239。 【Tseng, W.-C. (2008). Resilience in life events, interpersonal strength, and mental health among college students: An examination of mediation and moderation effects. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 40(2), 221-239.】
- 曾端真（2016）。傾聽生命故事與敘說的療癒力：阿德勒學派心理治療。臺北市：張老師文化。 【Chen, T.-T. (2016). Listening to the story of life and narrative healing: Adlerian psychotherapy. Taipei, Taiwan: Living Psychology.】
- 黃素菲（2016）。後現代的幸福生涯觀：變與不變的生涯理論與生涯諮商之整合模型。教育實踐與研究，29（2），137-172。 【Huang, S.-F. (2016). Post-modern perspective of career happiness: An integrated model of career theory and career counseling for the changing world and steady core. Journal of Educational Practice and Research, 29(2), 137-172.】
- 黃懷蒂（2016，12月）。以未成年者為研究對象的倫理議題。論文發表於國立臺灣師範大學「105年研究倫理工作坊」，臺北市。 【Huang, H.-D. (2016, December). Ethical issue research on adolescent subjects. Paper presented at workshop on research ethics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.】
- 黃韞臻、林淑惠（2009）。大學生的生活壓力與身心健康之研究─以中部五所大學為例。國立虎尾科技大學學報，28（1），41-56。 【Huang, Y.-C., & Lin, S.-H. (2009). College students’ life stress and mental health: A case study of five colleges in central Taiwan. Journal of National Huwei University of Science & Technology, 28(1), 41-56. 】
- 劉淑慧（2016）。變易的力量e時代的生涯籌劃。臺北市：張老師文化。 【Liu, S.-H. (2016). The power of change: The era of career planning. Taipei, Taiwan: Living Psychology.】
- 歐用生（1989）。質的研究。臺北市：師大書苑。 【Ou, Y.-S. (1989). Qualitative research. Taipei, Taiwan: Lucky Bookstore.】
- 蔡維雅（2017）。從學生家庭社經狀況與逆境經驗探討大學社會工作教育。東吳社會工作學報，33，63-97。 【Tsai,W.-Y. (2017). Undergraduate social work education informed by students’ family background and adverse experiences. Soochow Journal of Social Work, 33, 63-97.】
- 鍾思嘉（2008）。大學生的生涯諮商手冊。臺北市：心理。 【Chung, S.-K. (2008). Career counseling manual of college students. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological.】
- 簡茂發（1986）。大學生適應問題及其相關因素之研究。教育研究集刊，28，1-90。 【Chien, M.-F. (1986). Chinese college students’ adjustment problems and related factors. Bulletin of Educational Research, 28, 1-90.】
- 羅國英（1996）。青少年前期的親子關係與同儕關係：其比較及關連研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告（NSC-85-2413-H-031-001-T）。臺北市：東吳大學社會工作學系。 【Lo, K.-Y. (1996). Parent-child relationship and peer relationship in adolescents: Their comparative and related studies. Final report of undergraduates participating in national science council-funded project (NSC-85-2413-H-031-001-T). Taipei, Taiwan: Department of Social Work, Soochow University.】
- Berndt, C.（2015）。韌性：挺過挫折壓力，走出低潮的神秘力量（王榮輝，譯）。臺北市：時報文化。（原著出版於2013年） 【Berndt, C. (2015). Resilienz: Das geheimnis der psychischen widerstandskraft was uns stark macht gegen stress, depressionen und burn-out (R. Wang, Trans.). Taipei, Taiwan: China Times. (Original work published 2013)】
- Cyrulnik, B.（2016）。心理韌性的力量：從創傷中自我超越（謝幸芬、林德祐，譯）。臺北市：心靈工坊。（原著出版於1999年） 【Cyrulnik, B. (2016). The power of resilience: Self-transcendence form the trauma (X.-F. Xie & D.-Y. Lin, Trans.). Taipei, Taiwan: Psygarden. (Original work published 1999)】
- Yang, J., Milliren, A., & Blagen, M.（2010）。勇氣心理學：阿德勒觀點的健康社會生活（蒙光俊、簡君倫、郭明仁，譯）。臺北市：張老師文化。（原著出版於2009年） 【Yang, J., Milliren, A., & Blagen, M. (2010). The psychology of courage: An Adlerian handbook for healthy social living (G.-G. Meng, J.-L., Jian, & M.-R., Guo, Trans.). Taipei, Taiwan: Living Psychology. (Original work published 2009)】
- American Psychological Association. (2014). The road to resilience. Retrieved from http://www.apa. org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx
- Arora, R., & Rangnekar, S. (2014). Workplace mentoring and career resilience. An empirical test. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 17(3), 205-220. doi:10.1037/mgr0000021
- Beltman, S., Mansfield, C., & Price, A. (2011). Thriving not just surviving: A review of research on teacher resilience. Educational Research Review, 6(3), 185-207. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2011.09. 001
- Brown, B. B. (1990). Peer groups and peer cultures. In G. R. Elliott & S. S. Feldman (Eds.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent (pp. 171-196). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Buyukgoze-Kavas, A. (2016). Predicting career adaptability form positive psychological traits. The Development Quarterly, 64(2), 114-125. doi:10.1002/cdq.12045
- Cascio, W. (2007). Trends, paradoxes, and some directions for research in career studies. In H. P. Gunz & M. A. Peiperl (Eds.), Handbook of career studies (pp. 549-557). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
- Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
- Grafton, E., Gillespie, B., & Henderson, S. (2010). Resilience: The power within. Oncology Nursing Forum, 37(6), 698-705. doi:10.1188/10.ONF.698-705
- Klimes-Dougan, B., & Kendziora, K. T. (2000). Resilience in children. In C. E. Bailey (Ed.), Children in therapy: Using the family as a resource (pp. 407-427). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
- London, M. (1983). Toward a theory of career motivation. The Academy of Management Review, 8(4), 620-630. doi:10.2307/258263
- Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2015). Psychological capital and well-being. Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 31(3), 180-188. doi:10.1002/smi.2623
- Luthans, F., Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00164
- Mansfield, C. F., Beltman, S., Price, A., & McConney, A. (2012). “Don’t sweat the small stuff”: Understanding teacher resilience at the chalkface. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(3), 357-367. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2011.11.001
- Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
- Masten, A. S., & Reed, M.-G. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 74-88). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Masten, A. S., & Wright, M. O. (2010). Resilience over the lifespan: Developmental perspectives on resistance, recovery, and transformation. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra, & J. S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of adult resilience (pp. 213-237). New York, NY: Guilford.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Rahat, E., & İlhan, T. (2015). Coping styles, social support, relational self-construal, and resilience in predicting students’ adjustment to university life. Eucational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 16(1), 187-208. doi:10.12738/estp.2016.1.0058
- Reivich, K., & Shatte, A. (2002). The resilience factor: 7 keys to finding your inner strength and overcoming life’s hurdles. New York, NY: Broadway Books.
- Savickas, M. L. (2012). Life design: A paradigm for career intervention in the 21st century. Journal of Counseling and Development, 90(1), 13-19. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00002.x
- Schulenberg, J. E., Bryant, A. L., & O’Malley, P. M. (2004). Taking hold of some kind of life: How developmental tasks relate to trajectories of well-being during the transition to adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 16(4), 1119-1140. doi:10.1017/S0954579404040167
- Seccombe, K. (2002). “Beating the odds’’ versus ‘‘changing the odds’’: Poverty, resilience, and family policy. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2), 384-394. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002. 00384.X
- Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5, 25338. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338
- Spencer, G. N., Norman, E. A., & Neault, R. (2011). Career flow: A hope-centered approach to career development. Boston, MA: Pearson.
- Swanson, J. L., & Woitke, M. B. (1997). Theory into practice in career assessment for women: Assessment and interventions regarding perceived barriers. Journal of Career Assessment, 5(4), 443-462. doi:10.1177/106907279700500405
- Walsh, F. (2006). Strengthening family resilience (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- Wang, J.-L., Zhang, D.-J., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2015). Resilience theory and its implications for Chinese adolescents. Psychological Reports, 117(2), 354-375. doi:10.2466/16.17.PR0.117c21z8
- Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.