傑出理化科學家之人格特質及創造歷程之研究

作者:陳昭儀(國立臺灣師範大學特殊教育學系)

卷期：45卷第1期
日期：2000年4月
頁碼：27-45
DOI：10.6300/JNTNU.2000.45(1).02

摘要：

本研究乃是以我國五位傑出理化科學家作為研究對象，經由深度訪談、蒐集相關文件資料、進行座談會等方式進行研究，據以瞭解傑出理化科學家對於創造力的定義、傑出科學家之人格特質與創造歷程。綜合本研究之結果，有以下三點重要結論：
一、對於創造力的定義及最具創意之科學成就
這五位傑出科學家對於「科學創造力」的定義可歸納為三個向度，即挑戰、新穎及獨特：要「挑戰」未知的科學世界，才能使科學有持續的進步；要能開發「新穎」的問題、領域、問題解決法、現象、規律或典範；並有「獨特」的見解及研究成果。五位傑出科學家最具創造力的研究成果，均為他們耗費無數時間及心血且普獲該領域的科學家所認同的研究，這些研究成果為他們贏取了不少獎項，或因該項研究而成為該領域的佼佼者、開創者。
二、人格特質
由受訪者及其他相關人士的訪談資料中，可歸納出傑出科學家的一些共同特質，如：具有堅持力、認真、專注的精神；在思考特質方面，也多半具有好奇心、喜歡思考新問題、見解獨到、具有批判力等創意特質；而在學習特性方面，他們均屬積極求取新知的自學方式。
三、創造歷程
這五位傑出科學家進行科學研究之創造歷程可分為以下五個階段進行分析及探討：
(1)靈感與動機；
(2)構思、界定研究題目
(3)思考推衍過程
(4)理論驗證與實驗設計
(5)發表研究結果。
而上述之五個階段乃是呈現循環的動態歷程。
根據上述之研究結果，研究者對於科學家教育教師以及年輕科學研究者提出若干建議，以作為科學教育之參考。

關鍵詞：人格特質、創造歷程、創造力定義、傑出理化科學家

《詳全文》

Personality Traits and Creation Process of Distinguished Scientists in Taiwan

Author: Chao-Yi Chen(Department of Special Education,National Taiwan Normal University)

Vol.&No.：Vol. 45, No.1
Date：April 2000
Pages：27-45
DOI：10.6300/JNTNU.2000.45(1).02

Abstract：

The study targedted five of the distinguished domestic scientist both in chemistry and physics. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, literature reviews, and seminars. The main purposes were directed toward examining personality traits and creation process of the targeted subjects. The following were three major findings: A.Definition of creativity and the most creative accomplishments All the five scientists of interest defined the scientific creativity in terms of three major components: challenge, novelty, and originality. Challenge refers to exploring the unknown world of science in order to keep development of science going. Novelty is interpreted in the context of untouched problems and untried problem-solving strategies. Originality here means original perspectives and unique findings. Their most original outcomes were attributed from a great deal of effort and endeavor and, accordingly, earned many rewards, making them pioneers or top scientists in the field. B.Personality traits Data obtained from the interviews reveals clusters of personality traits, which fall into 3 categories: (a) general: perseverance, resourcefulness, and attentiveness; (b) thinking: curiosity, problem-solving, and critique; (c) learning: positiveness and self-motivation. C.Creation process The creation process involved all the five subjects could be delineated as the following 5 steps: (a) inspiration and motivation; (b) conception and definition of topic; (c)structuring of thinking; (d) hypotheses testing and experimental design; and (e) presentation of research findings.

Keywords：Creativity, Creation Process, Distinguished scientists, Personality Traits