類比在高中職計算機概論教科書的應用分析

作者:吳正己、龐能一(國立臺灣師範大學資訊教育學系)

摘要：

類比是幫助學生學習複雜或抽象概念的有效工具，然而類比的誤用往往是迷思概念產生的根源。本研究首先探討類比與學習的關係、類比的教學策略、及科學教科書使用類比的情形，接著依據探討結果分析國內高中職計算機概論教科書有關類比的應用。研究結果發現，分析的十五套教科書中總共有126個類比，平均每套書 8.4個類比，顯示類比在教科書中的使用仍不普遍。而教科書作者雖能掌握類比應用的部分要旨，然而大部分的類比能未能指出其限制，以避免學生迷思概念的產生，且類比的描述均過於簡單。此外，類比的應用以電腦結構相關的概念最多，其他概念主題偏少。未來研究宜進一步由教科書作者、教師及學生的角度了解類比在 電腦教學中的應用情形。

關鍵詞：類比、內容分析、計算機概論

《詳全文》

The Use of Analogies in Senior High School Introductory Computer Textbooks

Author: Cheng-Chih Wu, Neng-Yi Pang(Department of Information and Computer Education, National Taiwan Normal University)

Abstract：

Analogies are considered as an effective method for providing a bridge between un-familiar concepts and knowledge that students already have. However, analogies should be used cautiously because at some point every analogy breaks down. It can lead to misunderstanding as well as understanding. This study investigats the effects of using analogies on learning, the strategies of analogical teaching, and analogies used in sci-ence textbooks. Criteria for analyzing analogies used in science textbooks are concluded. Using these criteria, we then analyze 15 senior high school introductory computer textbooks. The content analysis indicates that 126 analogies exist in 15 textbooks, an aver-age of 8.4 analogies per book. Analogies are used most frequently in computer organi-zation related topics. The major deficiencies found in the analogies are: (1) The authors generally did not point out the limitations of analogies for students; and (2) about a half of the analogies are described with just one or two sentences. Future work should investigate the use of analogies in teaching computer science from the perspectives of authors, teachers, and students.

Keywords：Analogy, content analysis, computer textbooks