國中學生生物認知偏好之研究

作者:鄭湧涇、蔡在壽、廖碧珠(國立臺灣師範大學生物學系)、黃秋純(台灣省立中和高級中學)

摘要：

本研究發展「生物認知偏好測驗」(TBCP)，以評測臺北地區國中一年級學生之「生物認知偏好」風格，並探討生物認知偏好與性別、學校類型和學生背景特性 等相關變項之間的關係。研究結果顯示，TBCP的信度和效度考驗均稱理想，R、P、Q、A四項認知偏好型式之內部均質性信度分別為0.86, 0.79, 0.90和0.67。TBCP分數經因素分析的結果，可以抽出兩個因素，因素1代表「批判質疑」，而因素2代表「知識應用」；四偏好型式之間的相關與因素分析均證實了Q-R和A-P兩極軸的存在。國中一年級學生表現強烈的P偏好和較弱的R偏好，四項型式的偏好依強弱順序排列為P（原理原則）>A（應用）>O（批判質疑）>R（記憶）。這個結果表示學生於處理生物學資訊時，偏好鑑識原理原則，而不喜記憶生物學知識。
學生之生物認知偏好因性別和學校類型的不同而異，就生物認知偏好之取向言，男生為P>A>R>Q，女生為 A>P>Q>R。大型學校學生的R偏好顯著低於中、小型學校學生，Q偏好則顯著高於中型學校學生；中型學校學生的P偏好顯著高於小型和 大型學校學生。學生之生物認知偏好亦有因家長職業的不同而異的現象。此外，智力測驗分數與Q偏好型式的分數之間成顯著之正相關，而與R偏好型式的分數則呈 顯著之負相關。

關鍵詞：生物認知偏好、認知偏好風格、課程評鑑

《詳全文》

A Study on Biology Cognitive Preferences of Junior High Students

Author: Yeong-Jing Cheng, Tzay-Show Tsai, Bih-Ju Liaw(Department of Biology, National Taiwan Normal University), Chiou-Chwen Huang(Chung Ho senior high school)

Abstract：

In this study, the Test of Biology Cognitive Preference (TBCP) was developed and employed to assess the biology cognitive preference styles of the 7th grade students in Taipei area. The relations between biology cognitive preferences and school types and certain student's background characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the re-liability and validity of the TBCP were satisfactory. The internal consistency reliabilities of the R > P > Q > A modes were 0.86, 0.79, 0.90 and 0.67 respectively. Varimax factor analy-sis of the TBCP scores revealed two factors : Factor 1 represents "Critical questioning", while factor 2 represents "Knowledge application." Both the intercorrelation among the four cognitive preference modes and factor analysis supported the existence of two bipolar axes, namely Q-R and A-P.
The subjects exhibited a strong preference for the P(Principles) mode and a weak prefer-ence for the R(Recall) mode. The rank order of the extent of preference from highest to low-est was P > A > Q > R. This indicated that the 7th graders preferred identifying principles from the biological information presented to them, to memorizing biological facts.
There were significant differences in biology cognitive preferences between male and fe-male subjects, and among student groups of different school types. The males exhibited a preference order of P > A > R > Q, while the females exhibited a preference order of A > P > Q > R. Students of large schools exhibited a lower preference for the R mode than those of small and medium schools, and exhibited a higher preference for the Q mode than those of medium schools. Students of medium schools had a higher preference for P mode than those of small and large schools. Significant differences in biology cognitive preferences were also found among students grouped by parents' occupations. In addition, the I.Q. scores were positively correlated with Q mode and negatively correlated with R mode.

Keywords：Biology Cognitive Preferences, Cognitive Preference Styles, Curriculum Evaluation