一樣軌跡兩樣情：美國與我國師資培育機構轉型與教師質量之比較

作者:黃源河(明道大學課程與教學研究所)、符碧真(國立臺灣大學師資培育中心)

卷期：54卷第4期
日期：2009年12月
頁碼：171-200
DOI：10.3966/2073753X2009125404007

摘要：

隨著國際化浪潮興起，比較研究日漸受到重視。過去比較研究著重各國制度與實務的比較，近來採文化比較角度，探究形成制度與實務背後的社會文化脈絡。本文比較美國與我國師資培育機構轉型與教師質量，結果發現，兩國師資培育機構形式發展的歷史軌跡雖然相似，但是師資的「質」與「量」卻大異其趣。美國長久以來深陷教師數量不足及素質低落的困境，而我國則是教職出缺、競爭者眾，素質相對優秀，亦即「一樣軌跡兩樣情」。美國教師社會地位低落、薪資微薄，故難招募足夠數量的優秀師資；我國教師社會地位、薪資相對較優，故能吸引優質教師。追本溯源可能與西方「教僕文化」及我國相對應之「聖賢文化」密切相關。

關鍵詞：社會地位、師資培育、教師不足、教師素質、薪資待遇

《詳全文》

Similar Routes but Different Paths: Teacher Preparation, Teacher Quantity and Quality in the U.S. and Taiwan

Author: Yuanher Robin Hwang(Graduate Institute of Curriculum and Instruction, MingDao University),Bih-Jen Fwu(Center for Teacher Education, National Taiwan University)

Vol.&No.：Vol. 54, No. 4
Date：December 2009
Pages：171-200
DOI：10.3966/2073753X2009125404007

Abstract：

Under the influence of globalization, the focus of comparative education has shifted from the traditional approach of comparing national systems or practices between countries to a more in-depth perspective of the underling socio-cultural contexts of the systems or practices. This study compares the historical development of teacher training institutions as well as teacher quantity and quality in two countries of interest, the United States and Taiwan, with stress on the socio-cultural frameworks that shape their teachers. The results show that the historical development of American and Taiwanese teacher training institutions has followed a similar route, but teacher quantity and quality between these two countries have been quite different. The US has long suffered serious teacher shortage and poor teacher quality, whereas Taiwan has successfully recruited and retained enough quality teachers. While meager salary and low social status of teachers in the US may have led to teacher shortage and poor teacher quality, the relative high salary and social status in Taiwan may have successfully attracted enough high quality teachers. Social cultural contexts of these two countries probably have contributed to the significant different incentives to attract quality teachers.

Keywords：social status, teacher education, teacher shortage, teacher quality, teacher salary